技术专题

由亚洲、北美和欧洲科学家合作研究的水稻遗传多样性将有助于改进水稻生产。Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences在线讨论了这组科学家的发现，他们检查了20种国际育种中使用的水稻品种的基因组。

科学家研究了单核苷酸多态性（SNP）使水稻品种产生的差异。国家水稻研究所（IRRI）所长Robert Zeigler说：“如果育种者能多知道一些水稻的遗传组成，就能更有效的利用它。由于我们面对气候变化的不确定性，我们将开发更多的水稻多样性来研发改良水稻品种”。

合作者包括科罗拉多州立大学、密歇根州立大学、Perlegen Sciences公司、McGill大学、马普发育生物学研究所、马普学会Friedrich Miescher实验室和康乃尔大学，他们受到Generation Challenge项目和美国农业部的资助。

PNAS July 13, 2009, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0900992106

Genomewide SNP variation reveals relationships among landraces and modern varieties of rice

Kenneth L. McNallya,1, Kevin L. Childsb, Regina Bohnertc, Rebecca M. Davidsond, Keyan Zhaoe, Victor J. Ulata, Georg Zellerc,f, Richard M. Clarkf, Douglas R. Hoeng, Thomas E. Bureaug, Renee Stokowskih, Dennis G. Ballingerh, Kelly A. Frazerh, David R. Coxh, Badri Padhukasahasrame, Carlos D. Bustamantee, Detlef Weigelf, David J. Mackilla, Richard M. Bruskiewicha, Gunnar R?tschc, C. Robin Buellb, Hei Leunga and Jan E. Leachd,1

aInternational Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila 1301, The Philippines;
bDepartment of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 166 Plant Biology Building, East Lansing, MI 48824;
cFriedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany;
dBioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management and Program in Plant Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177;
eDepartment of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853;
fDepartment of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany;
gDepartment of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1; and
hPerlegen Sciences, Inc., 2021 Stierlin Court, Mountain View, CA 94043

Rice, the primary source of dietary calories for half of humanity, is the first crop plant for which a high-quality reference genome sequence from a single variety was produced. We used resequencing microarrays to interrogate 100 Mb of the unique fraction of the reference genome for 20 diverse varieties and landraces that capture the impressive genotypic and phenotypic diversity of domesticated rice. Here, we report the distribution of 160,000 nonredundant SNPs. Introgression patterns of shared SNPs revealed the breeding history and relationships among the 20 varieties; some introgressed regions are associated with agronomic traits that mark major milestones in rice improvement. These comprehensive SNP data provide a foundation for deep exploration of rice diversity and gene–trait relationships and their use for future rice improvement.